AP NEWS 2007-11-06



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President Bush is turning off the pressure on Pervez Musharraf. Bush is calling on the Pakistani president to hold elections and relinquish his army pose as soon as possible. It's the first public comment since Musharraf imposed a state of emergency.

This woman pleaded guilty to helping dispose of a pregnant woman's body in Ohio and Myisha Ferrell has agreed to testify against Bobby L. Cutts Jr.. Cutts is accused of killing Jessie Davis. Her body was found in June.

Noisy pickets on both coasts of Hollywood writers held their first strike in nearly 20 years. As a result, networks will be rerunning the late-night talk shows and soap bubbles.

"The colbert report" is among the shows going into repeats, but the talk show host won't be spending his time planning his run for the White House. The comedian drop his bid to run for the presidency after South Carolina Democratic Party officials voted to kick him off the state's primary ballot. Stephen Colbert said he would only run in his native state under both parties, so he could lose twice.

Agricultural Report



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This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.

To call land marginal means it is not very good. Farmers have their own way to describe it. Marginal land is the last to be planted under good conditions and the first to be avoided when situations are bad. Low qualities soil is not the only reason while land could be considered marginal. The land might be in an area where rainfall is limited or it might be on a hillside that rises too sharply.

Yet there are uses for marginal land. Most often, it is used as grassland. Grasses provide excellent feed for grazing animals like cattle, sheep and goats. A farmer might use native grasses or nonnative seed. Either way, it is important to establish a good ground cover to avoid the loss of soil through erosion.

Forage crops like clover and a... could be planted. These members of the legume family provide high protein food for grazing animals. They also improve/ the quality of the soil. Most plants use up nitrogen. But the legumes put nitrogen back into the soil. Forage crops also help limit erosion.

But using marginal land for grazing is not as simple as it might sound. There is a risk of overgrazing. Cattle can damage forage crops by eating down to the roots. Also, the animals crash the soil with their weight. That can make the ground too hard for growing. A way to reduce the damage is to move animals from one field to another. This method is known as rotational grazing. Agricultural experts say rotational grazing is extremely important for marginal land.

Another use for marginal land is for tree crops. Studies have shown that the white pine and the loblolly pine are two kinds of trees that grow well on such land. They grow fast and provide good quality wood. Another kind to consider is the poplar. And there are slower growing trees like the black walnut that provide wood as well as a nut crop. Trees help support the soil. They reduce the damaging affects of wind and rain. And they can provide grazing animals with shade from the sun.

Marginal lands need care to protect them. Failing to take that care might only make a bad situation worse. But good planting can turn a marginal resource into a highly productive one.

This VOA Special English Agriculture Report was written by Mario Ritter. Transcripts and MP3 files of our reports are at voaspecialenglish.com. If you have a question about agriculture, send it to special@voanews.com. I'm Bob Doughty.

[ 本帖最后由 vanbryan 于 2007-11-6  12:24 编辑 ]

Search For Adam-2



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Geneticists have developed just such a tool. A way to follow DNA trails deep into the past. Our search for Adam will uncover genetic secrets of an unexpected cast of characters. One of the greatest warriors in history. One of America’s founding fathers. Even an Ethiopian prince who claims to be / descendent from an ancient biblical king. What links these men to scientific Adam?

Their DNA. Most of our DNA is a jumble from all our / ancestors . It’s what makes each of us unique. But there is a section of our genetic code that stays almost constant. The Y chromosome , the special piece of DNA that only men have. It’s passed virtually unchanged from father to son like a family name. The Y chromosome links the men of today with the men who lived in the past. This tiny piece of DNA allows us to travel back in time through humanity's history. These days we use DNA to test whether a man is the biological father of a child. Could it really link the billions of men alive today back to one ancestor?

Wales believes the answer is YES! That the Y chromosome can trace the origins of /men from all over the world. From Africa to America, all the branches on the tree join up in one trunk. The Y chromosome links men today back to their common ancestors. The key is to reveal super ancestors, men who left their genetic imprint on huge numbers. They are like branching points where vast sections of the tree come together in a single man. Geneticists can trace them further and further back down the tree to the ultimate super ancestor--scientific Adam.

Our search starts in an unlikely place with the super ancestor passed his DNA to millions. He left such a vast legacy. Wales thinks he can trace it in a bar in San Francisco. The Bay View Boat Club is a watering hole for a group of Mongolian immigrants. These men have an outrageous claim. They think they are descendent from the great Mongol emperor, Genghis khan.


[ 本帖最后由 vanbryan 于 2007-11-6  12:28 编辑 ]

嘎嘎`简洁版

两天没有来了

偶来听一把

Today's Highlight in History:

On November seventh, 1917, Russia's Bolshevik Revolution took place as forces led by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin overthrew the provisional government of Alexander Kerensky.

On this date:

In 1893, the state of Colorado granted its women the right to vote.

In 1916, Republican Jeannette Rankin of Montana became the first woman elected to Congress.

In 1929, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City opened to the public.

In 1940, the middle section of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington state collapsed during a windstorm.

In 1944, President Roosevelt won an unprecedented fourth term in office, defeating Thomas E. Dewey.

In 1962, Richard M. Nixon, having lost California's gubernatorial race, held what he called his "last press conference," telling reporters, "You won't have Nixon to kick around anymore."

In 1972, President Nixon was re-elected in a landslide over Democrat George McGovern.

In 1973, Congress overrode President Nixon's veto of the War Powers Act, which limits a chief executive's power to wage war without congressional approval.

In 1980, actor Steve McQueen died in Juarez, Mexico, at age 50.

In 1989, L. Douglas Wilder won the governor's race in Virginia, becoming the first elected black governor in US history; David N. Dinkins was elected New York City's first black mayor.

Ten years ago: In some of her strongest remarks during the Persian Gulf crisis, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher warned Iraqi President Saddam Hussein that time was "running out" for a peaceful solution.

Five years ago: In a Japanese courtroom, three American military men admitted to the ambush-rape of a 12-year-old Okinawan schoolgirl, an attack that outraged the Japanese and strained security ties between Japan and the US. (The men later received prison sentences ranging from six and a-half to seven years.)

One year ago: Relatives of the victims of EgyptAir Flight 990 gathered in Newport, Rhode Island, to bid them a wrenching farewell, a week after the plane crashed into the Atlantic Ocean. Tiger Woods became the first golfer since Ben Hogan in 1953 to win four straight tournaments. Kenya's Joseph Chebet won the New York City Marathon; Adriana Fernandez won the women's division.

每日格言：

"I know nothing grander, better exercise, better digestion, more positive proof of the past, the triumphant result of faith in human kind, than a well-contested American national election."

-- Walt Whitman, American poet (1819-1892).

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1. Some democrats objected but the Senate Judiciary Committee has approved the nomination of President Bush's choice for Attorney General Michael Mukasey. Those who voted "NO" say they did so because Mukasey had refused to call the interrogation practice called waterboarding "torture".

2.The US military has announced six new deaths in Iraq that makes 2007 already the deadliest year the Iraq war for American forces. With nearly two month left, this year's annual toll is now at least 3 higher than the previously worst in 2004 .

3. Three people were under arrested in Miami after a teacher was shot outside a local high school. Police say the man was on a cigarette break across the street when he was confronted by a man who tried to rob him. The teacher is in critical condition.

4. Doctors in India have been working to remove extra limbs and organs from a two-year-girl, born with 4 arms and 4 legs. The girl is by some in her village as the reincarnation of a Hindu goddess, but others tried to profit from her including a circus that wanted to buy her from her family.

[ 本帖最后由 vanbryan 于 2007-11-7  12:12 编辑 ]

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So how many people in Mongolia really believe that they are related to Genghis Khan. Every single person...

Every single person. (There're ten million people living in the... )

It seems preposterous as if everyone in America believe they were descendant
from George Washington. But if there's any truth to their claim, these men will link back to a common ancestor who lived generations ago. The first step on our journey back toward Adam.

So you guys are interested in finding out if you could be related to Genghis Khan himself?

Very much, I would like to. Yeah, let's go.

O.K.

And then I'll pass...

Tapping the power of DNA, starts with a basic tool.

... steroid by the way, which is kinda like a glorified toothbrush. Pull it out of the container. Just like that...

Just a few cheek/ cells , and Wales can unlock secrets from our genetic past.

With the simple swipe, Wales hopes to trace these man all the way back to a famous warrior who lived 8 hundred years ago, and thousands of miles away.

Genghis Khan is one of the greatest historical figures of all time. Eight centuries ago, he ruled one of the largest empires the world has ever seen.

What are the chances that a couple of guys in a San Francisco bar could be related to such an extraordinary man? Machines analyse the Mongolian's DNA, looking for traces on the Y chromosome that could link them to Genghis Khan.

The odds against finding a connection seem astronomical.

But Wales has some surprising news.

I've go the results.

He's found / evidence that two of these men are related to Genghis Khan.

These are your results. Serantorsh Damberout.
And Batera Tumar

Good, All right.
What makes Wales think that these men link back to Genghis Khan himself? He's never met them before. He doesn't have their family trees. And he doesnt' have Genghis Khan's DNA. But Wales believes the Y chromosome can confirm the link.

Most of the time, the Y chromosome is passed unchanged from father to son like a last name. But sometimes little differences creep in . Like the spelling of a family name changing over time. Every so often, a harmless mutation appears on one man's Y chromosome. All his sons inherit that mutation, and all their sons. It marks all descendants like a brand.

[ 本帖最后由 vanbryan 于 2007-11-7  12:19 编辑 ]

Sleep Loss Lowers Grades

Sleep deprivation can impair a child's IQ and put him at risk for depression



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Eposhed Murphy join us now. This is astonishing! 15 minutes can change a B to an A, and they saw their test scores go up that much by changing the school time by 8:30. Why does it have that dramatic effect?

Well, the main reason is of course now we can look at kid brains and what's fascinating is that we realize that it's not just they can't pay attention to all the things they wouldn't that we think would be. They are results of sleep deprivation. Their brains are working on progress until they're 21 years old. So a lot of learning happens when they're asleep. And so sleep deprivation has this exponential effect on learning. The university Virginia study, one of the things that the expert said, I thought was so astounding, was it has much more impact than lead exposure. In other words sleep deprivation really can impair a kid's learning more than lead exposure. I think we worry about drugs and alcohol asparents of teenagers .But we really have to start looking at how much the child are getting.

Right. You mentioned maybe hyper activities have a lot to do sleep deprivation.

Definitely. Obesity, car accident, there are lots of

Can we extrapolate this automatically to adults?

well, yes, We do have similar problems ,of course. We do suffer if we don't get enough sleep. But we can make it up a little bit better. And also againour brians areunfortunately for better or worse, you know we are not gonna be doing a lot more growing when it comes to learning as an adult in our sleep but kid do a lot of learning when they're asleep.

So that's a profound impact. What about I put on the screen, let everybody just study and go online to the recommended amount of sleep for a child of different ages.

And it is a lot for the teen years I mean, this is weird. It's very hard to teenagers to get 8 and a half and 9 and a half hours to sleep.

Right. But that can make all the difference. When you’re looking 15 min margins, so imagine what if we begin 9 and a half.

Genius!

Right, exactly. But unfortunately, you know after 8th Grade, it really goes down.

You said three quick things about helping a child to go to sleep. Darkness, of course, in the room. Slower down. And then no extra caffein. But address slower down for me, what does that mean?

One of the things a lot of people think and it's a mess. And it is true for young children as well. If you can't tire a child out and expect them to have a good quality of sleep .So make sure this late night practices are really at a minimum and you don't work out too much and get the computers and TV sets out of another room.

Out of the room. Thank you .Annie.

words:

exponential: 指数的
lead exposure: 铅中毒（暴露）
impair：削弱
obesity：肥胖症
extrpolate: 外推，推想

[ 本帖最后由 vanbryan 于 2007-11-7  12:29 编辑 ]